Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a relational database?

The correct answer is C: Supports unstructured data storage by default. Relational databases store structured data in tables. Unstructured data is typically stored in NoSQL or document databases.

Which of the following correctly initializes a 2D array in C?

The correct answer is C: Both A and B are correct. Both syntaxes are valid in C. Option A explicitly specifies both dimensions, while Option B lets the compiler calculate the first dimension based on initialization.

In a struct, how is memory allocated for union members?

The correct answer is B: Members share the same memory location. In a union, all members share the same memory location. The size of the union equals the size of the largest member. Only one member can hold a value at a time.

Which data structure is most efficient for implementing a LRU (Least Recently Used) cache?

The correct answer is B: Hash Map + Doubly Linked List. Hash Map provides O(1) lookup while Doubly Linked List maintains insertion order and allows O(1) removal/reordering.

What will be the output of: float x = 5/2; printf("%f", x);

The correct answer is B: 2.000000. Since both 5 and 2 are integers, integer division occurs (5/2 = 2). The result 2 is then converted to float as 2.000000.

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Q.11 Medium C Programming

Which of the following correctly describes the scope of a static variable declared inside a function?

A Local to the function, retains value between function calls

B Global scope, initialized once

C Local to the file only

D Creates a new instance on each function call

Correct Answer: A. Local to the function, retains value between function calls

Explanation:

A static variable declared inside a function has local scope (visible only within that function) but persists for the entire program lifetime. Its value is retained between function calls and is initialized only once.

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Q.12 Medium C Programming

What will be the output of the following C code?
int x = 10;
int y = 20;
int z = x < y ? x++ : y++;
printf("%d %d %d", x, y, z);

A 10 20 10

B 11 20 10

C 10 21 20

D 11 21 10

Correct Answer: B. 11 20 10

Explanation:

Step 1: Evaluate condition x < y → 10 < 20 → true. Step 2: Execute true branch: x++ returns 10, then x becomes 11. Step 3: z = 10. Step 4: printf prints x=11, y=20, z=10.

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Q.13 Medium C Programming

In C, a pointer variable stores which of the following?

A The actual value of a variable

B The memory address of a variable

C The size of a variable

D The data type of a variable

Correct Answer: B. The memory address of a variable

Explanation:

A pointer is a variable that stores the memory address of another variable. It is declared using the * symbol.

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Q.14 Medium C Programming

What is the purpose of the malloc() function in C?

A To deallocate memory

B To allocate memory dynamically at runtime

C To initialize variables

D To declare arrays

Correct Answer: B. To allocate memory dynamically at runtime

Explanation:

malloc() (memory allocation) allocates a block of memory dynamically during program execution and returns a pointer to it.

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Q.15 Medium C Programming

Which of the following correctly initializes an array of 5 integers?

A int arr[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};

B int arr(5) = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};

C int [5] arr = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};

D int arr[5];

Correct Answer: A. int arr[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};

Explanation:

Arrays in C are declared with square brackets containing the size, followed by initialization in curly braces. Option A is the correct syntax.

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Q.16 Medium C Programming

What is the default return type of a function in C if not explicitly specified?

A void

B int

C char

D float

Correct Answer: B. int

Explanation:

In C, if a function's return type is not explicitly specified, it defaults to int. However, modern C standards require explicit return type declaration.

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Q.17 Medium C Programming

What does the break statement do in a loop?

A Skips the current iteration

B Terminates the loop immediately

C Pauses the loop

D Restarts the loop

Correct Answer: B. Terminates the loop immediately

Explanation:

The break statement immediately terminates the loop and transfers control to the statement following the loop.

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Q.18 Medium C Programming

Which of the following is used to access members of a structure using a pointer?

A Dot operator (.)

B Arrow operator (->)

C Ampersand (&)

D Asterisk (*)

Correct Answer: B. Arrow operator (->)

Explanation:

The arrow operator (->) is used to access structure members through a pointer. The dot operator (.) is used for direct access.

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Q.19 Medium C Programming

In C, what is the purpose of the #define directive?

A To define functions

B To define macros or constants

C To declare variables

D To include header files

Correct Answer: B. To define macros or constants

Explanation:

#define is a preprocessor directive used to define symbolic constants (macros) and performs text substitution before compilation.

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Q.20 Medium C Programming

What is the correct way to declare a function that takes no parameters and returns an integer?

A int func();

B int func(void);

C func() returns int;

D int func(no parameters);

Correct Answer: B. int func(void);

Explanation:

To explicitly declare a function with no parameters in C, use 'void' as the parameter. int func(); is ambiguous in older C standards.

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