A book's price increases by 12% one month and decreases by 10% the next month. If the original price was ₹500, what is the final price?

The correct answer is B: ₹504. Step 1: After 12% increase: Price = 500 × (1 + 0.12) = 500 × 1.12 = ₹560. Step 2: After 10% decrease: Price = 560 × (1 - 0.10) = 560 × 0.90 = ₹504. Therefore, option B is correct.

A merchant marks goods 50% above cost price and offers a discount. If he makes 25% profit, what is the discount percentage?

The correct answer is A: 16.67%. Let CP = 100. MP = 150. For 25% profit, SP = 125. Discount = (150-125)/150 × 100 = 16.67%.

A number when increased by 12% becomes 224. What is the original number?

The correct answer is C: 200. Let original number = x. x × 1.12 = 224. x = 224/1.12 = 200.

How many odd numbers are there between 10 and 50?

The correct answer is B: 20. Odd numbers between 10 and 50: 11, 13, 15, ..., 49. This is an AP with first term 11, last term 49, and common difference 2. Number of terms = (49-11)/2 + 1 = 19 + 1 = 20.

Three numbers are in ratio 2:3:4 with HCF = 5. What is their LCM?

The correct answer is B: 60. When three numbers are in a given ratio, we can express them using a common factor. The HCF (Highest Common Factor) is that common factor, and we use it to find the actual numbers. **Step 1: Express the numbers in terms of the common factor** Since the numbers are in ratio \(2:3:4\) and their HCF is

Corporate & IT Interview Preparation

Q.221 Easy Numbers

Cost price of an item is Rs. 500. It is sold at 35% profit. Selling price is:

A Rs. 675

B Rs. 700

C Rs. 725

D Rs. 650

Correct Answer: A. Rs. 675

Explanation:

SP = 500 × 1.35 = Rs. 675

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Q.222 Easy Numbers

Two numbers are in ratio 3:5. If their sum is 160, the larger number is:

A 100

B 60

C 120

D 80

Correct Answer: A. 100

Explanation:

Let numbers be 3x and 5x. 3x + 5x = 160. 8x = 160. x = 20. Larger number = 5×20 = 100

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Q.223 Easy Numbers

If 35% of voters voted, and 60% of those voted for candidate A, what percentage voted for A?

A 21%

B 35%

C 60%

D 25%

Correct Answer: A. 21%

Explanation:

Percentage = 0.35 × 0.60 × 100 = 21%

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Q.224 Easy Numbers

A merchant marks his goods 40% above cost price but gives 25% discount. What is his profit percentage?

A 5%

B 10%

C 15%

D 20%

Correct Answer: A. 5%

Explanation:

To find the profit percentage, we need to track the marked price and selling price relative to cost price.

Step 1: Assume a Cost Price

Let the cost price be \(\text{CP} = 100\) (using a convenient base value)

Step 2: Calculate Marked Price

The merchant marks goods 40% above cost price:

\text{MP} = \text{CP} + 40\% \text{ of CP} = 100 + 0.40(100) = 140

Step 3: Calculate Selling Price

A 25% discount is given on the marked price:

\text{SP} = \text{MP} - 25\% \text{ of MP} = 140 - 0.25(140) = 140 - 35 = 105

Step 4: Calculate Profit Percentage

Profit is the difference between selling price and cost price:

\text{Profit} = \text{SP} - \text{CP} = 105 - 100 = 5

Profit percentage:

\text{Profit}\% = \frac{\text{Profit}}{\text{CP}} \times 100 = \frac{5}{100} \times 100 = 5\%

Answer: The profit percentage is \(5\%\) (Option A)

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Q.225 Easy Numbers

A train 240m long crosses a platform 360m long in 30 seconds. What is the speed of the train?

A 60 km/h

B 72 km/h

C 80 km/h

D 90 km/h

Correct Answer: B. 72 km/h

Explanation:

Distance = 240 + 360 = 600m. Speed = 600/30 = 20 m/s = 20 × 3.6 = 72 km/h.

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Q.226 Easy Numbers

Simple interest on Rs. 5000 for 4 years at 8% per annum is?

A Rs. 1200

B Rs. 1400

C Rs. 1600

D Rs. 1800

Correct Answer: C. Rs. 1600

Explanation:

SI = (P × R × T)/100 = (5000 × 8 × 4)/100 = 1600.

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Q.227 Easy Numbers

If 45% of a number is 180, what is 65% of that number?

A 260

B 270

C 280

D 300

Correct Answer: A. 260

Explanation:

We need to find the original number first, then calculate 65% of it using the given condition that 45% of the number equals 180.

Step 1: Set up the equation

Let the unknown number be \(x\). We're told that 45% of this number is 180.

\[0.45x = 180\]

Step 2: Solve for the number

Divide both sides by 0.45 to isolate \(x\):

x = \frac{180}{0.45} = \frac{180}{\frac{45}{100}} = \frac{180 \times 100}{45} = \frac{18000}{45} = 400

Step 3: Calculate 65% of the number

Now that we know the number is 400, we find 65% of it:

0.65 \times 400 = 260

Answer: 65% of the number is \(260\) (Option A)

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Q.228 Easy Numbers

Two numbers are in ratio 4:7. If their difference is 45, what is the larger number?

A 100

B 105

C 110

D 120

Correct Answer: B. 105

Explanation:

Let numbers be 4x and 7x. 7x - 4x = 45, 3x = 45, x = 15. Larger = 7 × 15 = 105.

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Q.229 Easy Numbers

A retailer buys goods at Rs. 450 per unit and sells at 40% profit. What is the selling price per unit?

A Rs. 590

B Rs. 600

C Rs. 630

D Rs. 650

Correct Answer: C. Rs. 630

Explanation:

SP = 450 × 1.40 = 630.

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Q.230 Easy Numbers

A number is increased by 25% and then decreased by 20%. What is the net change in percentage?

A 0%

B 5%

C 10%

D 15%

Correct Answer: A. 0%

Explanation:

When a number undergoes successive percentage changes, we apply each change sequentially to find the net effect. Let's use a base value to track the changes.

Step 1: Apply the 25% increase

Let the original number be \(x\).

After a 25% increase:

\text{New value} = x + 0.25x = 1.25x

Step 2: Apply the 20% decrease

Now decrease this result by 20%:

\text{Final value} = 1.25x - 0.20(1.25x) = 1.25x(1 - 0.20) = 1.25x \times 0.80

Step 3: Calculate the final multiplier

1.25 \times 0.80 = \frac{5}{4} \times \frac{4}{5} = 1

So the final value equals \(1 \times x = x\) (the original number).

Step 4: Determine net percentage change

Since the final value equals the original value:

\text{Net change} = x - x = 0

\text{Net change in percentage} = \frac{0}{x} \times 100\% = 0\%

Answer: The net change is 0% (Option A)

Key insight: A 25% increase multiplies by 1.25, and a 20% decrease multiplies by 0.80. Since \(1.25 \times 0.80 = 1.00\), the changes perfectly cancel out.

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