Syllogism
All cats are animals. Some animals are pets. Which of the following conclusions is definitely true?
A
All cats are pets
B
Some cats are pets
C
No cat is a pet
D
All animals are cats
Correct Answer:
B. Some cats are pets
Explanation:
From 'All cats are animals' and 'Some animals are pets', we can only conclude that it's possible some cats are pets, but not definite.
No flower is a fruit. All fruits are sweet. What can be concluded?
A
Some flowers are sweet
B
No flower is sweet
C
All flowers are sweet
D
All sweet things are fruits
Correct Answer:
B. No flower is sweet
Explanation:
Since no flower is a fruit, and all fruits are sweet, flowers cannot be sweet through this relation.
All doctors are professionals. All professionals are educated. Therefore, which conclusion follows?
A
All educated people are doctors
B
Some professionals are not educated
C
All doctors are educated
D
No doctor is educated
Correct Answer:
C. All doctors are educated
Explanation:
By transitive property: All doctors are professionals, and all professionals are educated, therefore all doctors are educated.
Some books are novels. All novels are stories. Can we conclude 'Some books are stories'?
A
Yes, definitely
B
No, it's uncertain
C
No, it's false
D
Cannot be determined
Correct Answer:
A. Yes, definitely
Explanation:
Some books are novels, and all novels are stories, therefore some books must be stories by logical deduction.
No vegetarian is a meat-eater. All carnivores are meat-eaters. What follows?
A
Some vegetarians are carnivores
B
No vegetarian is a carnivore
C
All vegetarians are carnivores
D
Some carnivores are vegetarians
Correct Answer:
B. No vegetarian is a carnivore
Explanation:
Since no vegetarian is a meat-eater and all carnivores are meat-eaters, it follows that no vegetarian is a carnivore.
All cricketers are athletes. Some athletes are disciplined. Which of the following is definitely true?
A
All cricketers are disciplined
B
Some cricketers are disciplined
C
No cricketer is disciplined
D
Cannot be determined
Correct Answer:
D. Cannot be determined
Explanation:
From the given statements, we cannot establish a definite relationship between cricketers and disciplined individuals. The second statement only tells us some athletes are disciplined, but doesn't specify if those athletes include cricketers.
No politician is corrupt. All honest people are politicians. Based on this, which statement is correct?
A
All honest people are not corrupt
B
Some honest people are corrupt
C
All corrupt people are politicians
D
Some politicians are corrupt
Correct Answer:
A. All honest people are not corrupt
Explanation:
Since all honest people are politicians and no politician is corrupt, it follows that all honest people are not corrupt.
No artist is a businessman. All painters are artists. Therefore:
A
All painters are businessmen
B
No painter is a businessman
C
Some painters are businessmen
D
Some businessmen are painters
Correct Answer:
B. No painter is a businessman
Explanation:
All painters are artists. No artist is a businessman. By logical chain, no painter can be a businessman.
Some leaders are visionary. All visionaries are forward-thinking. Can we say all leaders are forward-thinking?
A
Yes
B
No
C
Maybe
D
Partially
Explanation:
Only some leaders are visionary, not all. Therefore, we cannot conclude all leaders are forward-thinking.
All mammals breathe through lungs. All humans are mammals. Some humans are swimmers. Which is definitely false?
A
All swimmers breathe through lungs
B
Some swimmers breathe through lungs
C
All humans breathe through lungs
D
No human breathes through lungs
Correct Answer:
D. No human breathes through lungs
Explanation:
All humans are mammals and all mammals breathe through lungs. Therefore, all humans breathe through lungs. Option D is definitely false.
