Using circular arrangement logic: A's position is fixed. D is 2nd to left (clockwise from A's perspective). B is 3rd to right. E between C and F helps determine the remaining positions. C sits to immediate right of G.

South is called West in new terminology. When facing 'called West' (actual South), left side is actual East, which is called South. So answer is actual West.

In a square table arrangement with 2 people per side: P and R on one side (R left of P), Q opposite P, S opposite R. Going clockwise from S to Q, there are 2 people between them.

His mother's only child = the man himself. The man's mother = the woman's mother. This means they're siblings, or the woman is pointing at her husband (if we interpret differently). The answer is husband.

Order: A > C > D and A > B > E. Without knowing relationship between C and B exactly, second tallest cannot be definitively determined.

Red at 3, Blue at 2. Green 2 right of Yellow: if Yellow at 1, Green at 3. But Red at 3. If Yellow at 4, Green at 6. This works: Blue(2), Red(3), Yellow(4), Green(6). Yellow at position 4... Rechecking: Yellow could be at 1 if Green at 3, but Red there. So Yellow at 4.

We know M, N (2 seats away clockwise), and K (opposite M). But without knowing other people's positions or exact starting point, the person between K and N cannot be uniquely determined.

Professors ⊂ Knowledgeable. Some knowledgeable people are not teachers. Therefore, some of those non-teachers in the knowledgeable group could be professors. A must be true.

With A opposite D, B between A and F, E to right of A, and C not adjacent to A, there are 2 valid arrangements satisfying all constraints.

With Ring at box 3, Pen-Chain in consecutive positions (boxes 1-2 or 4-5), Watch not at 1 or 5, and Locket not at 2 or 4, only 2 arrangements satisfy all constraints.