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Reasoning Ability
Series & Analogies

Critical thinking and logical reasoning questions

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Topics in Reasoning Ability
In a coding system, if MATHEMATICS is coded as 4-1-20-8-5-13-1-20-9-3-19, how would REASONING be coded?
A 18-5-1-19-15-14-9-14-7
B 18-5-1-19-15-14-9-9-7
C 18-4-1-19-15-14-9-14-7
D 19-5-1-19-15-14-8-14-7
Correct Answer:  A. 18-5-1-19-15-14-9-14-7
EXPLANATION

Each letter is coded as its position in the alphabet: R=18, E=5, A=1, S=19, O=15, N=14, I=9, N=14, G=7. The pattern follows alphabetical position numbering consistently.

Test
In a series: 3, 7, 15, 31, 63, ?, what is the next number?
A 125
B 127
C 128
D 130
Correct Answer:  B. 127
EXPLANATION

Each number is of the form 2^n - 1: 2^2-1=3, 2^3-1=7, 2^4-1=15, 2^5-1=31, 2^6-1=63, 2^7-1=127

Test
Analogy: Lexicon is to Words as Atlas is to?
A Pages
B Maps
C Information
D Geography
Correct Answer:  B. Maps
EXPLANATION

A lexicon is a collection of words; an atlas is a collection of maps. The relationship is between a reference work and its primary content.

Test
Six people A, B, C, D, E, F sit in a row. D sits between A and B. C sits at one end. E is not adjacent to F. Who sits at the other end?
A A or B
B E or F
C A or E
D Cannot be determined
Correct Answer:  D. Cannot be determined
EXPLANATION

Given only that D sits between A and B, C is at one end, and E is not adjacent to F, multiple valid arrangements exist. The person at the other end cannot be uniquely determined.

Test
In a series: 5, 14, 27, 44, 65, ?, what is the next number?
A 88
B 90
C 92
D 95
Correct Answer:  B. 90
EXPLANATION

The differences are: 9, 13, 17, 21, (25). Following the pattern of increasing by 4 each time, the next difference is 25, so 65+25=90

Test
Statement: All musicians are creative. Some creative people are scientists. Conclusion: Some musicians are scientists.
A Definitely true
B Definitely false
C Cannot be determined
D Possibly true
Correct Answer:  C. Cannot be determined
EXPLANATION

While all musicians are creative, and some creative people are scientists, we cannot definitively conclude that some musicians are scientists without knowing the overlap between the two groups.

Test
Ramesh walks 15 km North, then 8 km East, then 15 km South. How far is he from his starting point?
A 8 km
B 15 km
C 23 km
D 17 km
Correct Answer:  A. 8 km
EXPLANATION

After going 15 km North and 15 km South, Ramesh returns to his original latitude. He is only 8 km East of his starting point.

Test
Priya is the mother of Vikas. Vikas is the brother of Anita. Anita is the daughter of Priya. What is the relation between Priya and Anita?
A Mother and daughter
B Grandmother and granddaughter
C Sister and brother
D Aunt and niece
Correct Answer:  A. Mother and daughter
EXPLANATION

Since Priya is Vikas's mother and Anita is Priya's daughter, Priya is the mother of Anita.

Test
If FRUIT is coded as 6-18-21-9-20, what is the code for JUMP?
A 10-21-13-16
B 9-20-12-15
C 10-21-13-15
D 9-21-13-16
Correct Answer:  A. 10-21-13-16
EXPLANATION

Each letter is coded as its position in the alphabet: J=10, U=21, M=13, P=16. Therefore, JUMP = 10-21-13-16

Test
Analogy: Painter is to Brush as Chef is to?
A Kitchen
B Knife
C Food
D Recipe
Correct Answer:  B. Knife
EXPLANATION

A painter uses a brush as a primary tool; similarly, a chef uses a knife as a primary tool. The analogy is based on the relationship between a person and their essential tool.

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