Air has a refractive index of approximately 1, which is the lowest among common materials

Temperature is a scalar quantity as it has only magnitude. Displacement, velocity, and acceleration are vector quantities as they have both magnitude and direction.

Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation states F = G(m₁m₂)/r². This is the fundamental law describing gravitational attraction between masses.

1 amu = 1.66054 × 10⁻²⁷ kg. This is used to express atomic and molecular masses.

Using v = u + gt, where u = 0 (at rest), t = 2s, g = 10 m/s². Therefore v = 0 + 10 × 2 = 20 m/s.

Photosynthesis is the process where plants use sunlight, water, and CO₂ to produce glucose and oxygen. The equation is 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + light → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂.

Pure water at 25°C has a pH of 7, which is neutral. This is because [H⁺] = [OH⁻] = 10⁻⁷ M, making pH = -log(10⁻⁷) = 7.

In uniform circular motion, speed is constant but direction changes continuously. This change in direction causes centripetal acceleration always directed toward the center of the circle.

In vacuum, acceleration due to gravity is independent of mass. Both bodies experience the same gravitational acceleration (g ≈ 9.8 m/s²) and fall from the same height, so they reach the ground simultaneously.

Pascal = N/m² = kg/(m·s²) = J/m³. All these expressions are dimensionally equivalent representations of pressure, showing the fundamental relationship between force, area, and SI base units.