The Weber (Wb) is the SI unit of magnetic flux, defined as Tesla × meter². 1 Wb = 1 T·m².

Using transformer equation: Vₛ/Vₚ = Nₛ/Nₚ. Vₛ = 220 × (500/100) = 220 × 5 = 1100 V.

An alpha particle is a helium-4 nucleus (₂He⁴) with 2 protons and 2 neutrons. Alpha decay decreases atomic number by 2 and mass number by 4. Alpha particles have low penetration power.

In beta-minus decay, a neutron converts to a proton, emitting an electron (beta particle) and an antineutrino. This increases atomic number by 1.

Rayleigh scattering causes shorter blue wavelengths to scatter more effectively than longer red wavelengths when sunlight passes through the atmosphere, making the sky appear blue.

Using P = V²/R, we get R = V²/P = (250)²/1000 = 62500/1000 = 62.5 Ω.

When object distance (5 cm) < focal length (10 cm), the object is between the mirror and focus. A concave mirror forms a virtual, erect, and magnified image in this case.

For parallel resistances: 1/R = 1/R₁ + 1/R₂ = 1/10 + 1/20 = 3/20. Therefore R = 20/3 = 6.67 Ω.

Using v = fλ, where v = 330 m/s and f = 440 Hz. λ = v/f = 330/440 = 0.75 m.

Elastic potential energy E = (1/2)kx². 5 = (1/2)k(0.1)². 5 = 0.005k. k = 1000 N/m.