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Topics in Quantitative Aptitude
A retailer buys notebooks at ₹40 each and sells them at ₹50 each. How many notebooks must he sell to make a profit of ₹600?
Correct Answer:
B. 60
EXPLANATION
Step 1: Find profit per notebook
The retailer buys at ₹40 and sells at ₹50, so profit on each notebook is the difference.
\[\text{Profit per notebook} = 50 - 40 = ₹10\]
Step 2: Set up equation for total profit
Let the number of notebooks sold be x. The total profit equals profit per notebook multiplied by number of notebooks.
\[\text{Total Profit} = \text{Profit per notebook} \times \text{Number of notebooks}\]
\[600 = 10 \times x\]
Step 3: Solve for number of notebooks
Divide both sides by 10 to find x.
\[x = \frac{600}{10} = 60\]
The retailer must sell 60 notebooks to make a profit of ₹600.
If an article is purchased for ₹450 and sold at a loss of 8%, what is the selling price?
Correct Answer:
A. ₹414
EXPLANATION
Step 1: Identify the given information
Cost Price (CP) = ₹450 and Loss = 8%
\[\text{Given: CP} = ₹450, \text{ Loss} = 8\%\]
Step 2: Calculate the loss amount
Loss amount = 8% of Cost Price
\[\text{Loss amount} = \frac{8}{100} \times 450 = 0.08 \times 450 = ₹36\]
Step 3: Calculate the selling price
Selling Price = Cost Price − Loss amount
\[\text{SP} = 450 - 36 = ₹414\]
The selling price of the article is ₹414.
A trader buys mangoes at ₹8 per kg and sells them at ₹12 per kg. What is his profit percentage?
Correct Answer:
B. 50%
EXPLANATION
Step 1: Identify Cost Price and Selling Price
Cost Price (CP) = ₹8 per kg and Selling Price (SP) = ₹12 per kg
\[\text{CP} = ₹8, \quad \text{SP} = ₹12\]
Step 2: Calculate Profit
Profit = Selling Price − Cost Price
\[\text{Profit} = ₹12 - ₹8 = ₹4\]
Step 3: Calculate Profit Percentage
Profit percentage is calculated as profit divided by cost price, multiplied by 100
\[\text{Profit\%} = \frac{\text{Profit}}{\text{Cost Price}} \times 100 = \frac{4}{8} \times 100 = \frac{1}{2} \times 100 = 50\%\]
The trader's profit percentage is 50%.
