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TCS, Infosys, Wipro, Cognizant actual papers

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Topics in Placement Papers
Q.1 Medium Cognizant Questions Cognizant
In a sequence, each number is the sum of the previous two numbers. If the 5th number is 20 and the 6th number is 32, what is the 4th number?
A 10
B 12
C 15
D 18
Correct Answer:  B. 12
EXPLANATION

Let the 4th number be x. Then 5th number = previous number + x. If 5th = 20 and 6th = 32, then 6th = 5th + 5th_previous, so 32 = 20 + (5th_previous). Therefore, 5th_previous = 12. Since 5th_previous is the 4th number, the answer is 12.

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Q.2 Medium Cognizant Questions Cognizant
A train travels from City A to City B at 60 km/h and returns at 40 km/h. The total distance between the two cities is 240 km. What is the average speed of the train for the entire journey?
A 48 km/h
B 50 km/h
C 52 km/h
D 55 km/h
Correct Answer:  A. 48 km/h
EXPLANATION

Average speed = Total Distance / Total Time. Distance one way = 240 km. Time from A to B = 240/60 = 4 hours. Time from B to A = 240/40 = 6 hours. Total Distance = 480 km, Total Time = 10 hours. Average Speed = 480/10 = 48 km/h.

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Q.3 Medium Google Questions Google
In TCP/IP model, which layer handles IP addresses?
A Application Layer
B Transport Layer
C Internet Layer
D Link Layer
Correct Answer:  C. Internet Layer
EXPLANATION

The Internet Layer (Layer 3) handles IP addresses and routing. Transport Layer (Layer 4) handles ports.

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Q.4 Medium Google Questions Google
What does MapReduce do?
A Reduces maps to a single value
B Processes large datasets by mapping operations and reducing results
C Only works with arrays
D Is used only in front-end development
Correct Answer:  B. Processes large datasets by mapping operations and reducing results
EXPLANATION

MapReduce is a programming model for processing large datasets in parallel by mapping data and then reducing results.

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Q.5 Medium Google Questions Google
What principle is followed when designing Google's systems?
A Monolithic architecture
B Distributed systems with horizontal scalability
C Centralized database model
D Sequential processing
Correct Answer:  B. Distributed systems with horizontal scalability
EXPLANATION

Google designs distributed systems that can scale horizontally across many machines to handle billions of requests.

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Q.6 Medium Google Questions Google
In microservices architecture, what is an API Gateway?
A A server that stores APIs
B A single entry point for client requests to multiple microservices
C A database for API data
D A security firewall
Correct Answer:  B. A single entry point for client requests to multiple microservices
EXPLANATION

API Gateway is a server that acts as an intermediary between clients and microservices, handling routing, authentication, and load balancing.

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Q.7 Medium Google Questions Google
What is the correct output of: print(2 ** 3 ** 2) in Python?
A 64
B 512
C 8
D 256
Correct Answer:  B. 512
EXPLANATION

Exponentiation is right-associative in Python. 32 = 9, then 29 = 512

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Q.8 Medium Google Questions Google
In dynamic programming, what is memoization?
A Breaking problem into subproblems
B Storing results of subproblems to avoid recomputation
C Creating a memo
D Sorting results
Correct Answer:  B. Storing results of subproblems to avoid recomputation
EXPLANATION

Memoization is an optimization technique where results of expensive function calls are cached and returned when same inputs occur again.

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Q.9 Medium Google Questions Google
Which sorting algorithm is stable and has O(n log n) worst-case complexity?
A QuickSort
B MergeSort
C HeapSort
D Selection Sort
Correct Answer:  B. MergeSort
EXPLANATION

MergeSort has O(n log n) worst-case and is stable. QuickSort is O(n²) worst-case, HeapSort is not stable.

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Q.10 Medium Google Questions Google
What is the space complexity of QuickSort?
A O(1)
B O(log n)
C O(n)
D O(n log n)
Correct Answer:  B. O(log n)
EXPLANATION

QuickSort uses O(log n) space for the recursion call stack in the average case.

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