The power to approve the resignation of a Minister lies with:

The correct answer is B: President of India. This question asks about the constitutional authority responsible for accepting a Minister's resignation in India. The power to approve the resignation of a Minister lies with the President of India because Ministers hold office during the pleasure of the President as per Article 75(1) of the Indian

The Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) are characterized by all of the following EXCEPT:

The correct answer is C: They can be directly enforced through courts. Article 37 of the Constitution explicitly states that DPSP are non-justiciable, meaning they cannot be enforced through courts. However, they provide positive directions to the state for governance and policy formulation. Unlike Fundamental Rights (Part III), DPSP cannot be challenged in courts, tho

Under Article 15 of the Indian Constitution, the State is prohibited from discriminating on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth. Which of the following is CORRECTLY paired with its exception?

The correct answer is A: Sex discrimination - Nothing in Article 15 prevents laws relating to adoption and guardianship. Article 15(3) allows the State to make special provisions for women and children. Additionally, certain personal law matters related to adoption and guardianship are excluded from Article 15's purview. Option B is covered by Article 15(4) for backward classes, Option C is not permitted, and Option D

The Mauryan Empire's administrative system included officers called 'Amatyas'. What was their primary role?

The correct answer is B: High-ranking civil administrators and ministers. Amatyas were high-ranking civil administrators and ministers in the Mauryan Empire, as described in Kautilya's Arthashastra. They held important administrative positions under the emperor and were responsible for various aspects of governance. While they may have had overlapping roles in taxation an

The President of India can dissolve the Lok Sabha on the advice of the Prime Minister. Which constitutional provision is primarily applicable in this context?

The correct answer is A: Article 85(2)(b). Article 85(2)(b) empowers the President to dissolve the Lok Sabha. The President exercises this power on the advice of the Prime Minister. Article 84 deals with qualifications for the President, Article 75 with the PM and Council of Ministers, and Article 52 with the President's existence.

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UPSC IAS / IPS

Civil Services Prelims and Mains prep

32 Q 2 Topics Take Mock Test

Difficulty: All Easy Medium Hard 31–32 of 32

Topics in UPSC IAS / IPS

All Indian Polity & Constitution 50 Indian History — Ancient 39

Q.31 Hard

Consider the following regarding the Supreme Court of India:
1. It has original jurisdiction in cases between Union and States
2. It can issue writs in the nature of Habeas Corpus, Mandamus, Prohibition, Certiorari, and Quo Warranto
3. The Chief Justice of India is appointed by the President on the recommendation of the outgoing Chief Justice
4. Advisory jurisdiction of Supreme Court can only be exercised at the request of the President

Which statements are correct?

A 1, 2 and 3

B 2, 3 and 4

C 1, 2 and 4

D All of the above

Correct Answer: C. 1, 2 and 4

EXPLANATION

This question tests knowledge of the jurisdiction, powers, and appointment procedures of the Supreme Court of India as per the Constitution.

Statement 1: Original jurisdiction in cases between Union and States - CORRECT

Article 131 of the Indian Constitution grants the Supreme Court exclusive original jurisdiction in disputes between the Union and States, or between States themselves. This is a fundamental constitutional power.

Statement 2: Power to issue writs (Habeas Corpus, Mandamus, Prohibition, Certiorari, Quo Warranto) - CORRECT

Article 32 of the Constitution empowers the Supreme Court to issue writs for enforcement of fundamental rights. These five writs—Habeas Corpus (against unlawful detention), Mandamus (to compel performance of duty), Prohibition (to restrain lower courts), Certiorari (to quash orders), and Quo Warranto (to challenge authority)—are all recognized writs that the Supreme Court can issue.

Statement 3: Chief Justice appointed by President on recommendation of outgoing Chief Justice - INCORRECT

The Chief Justice of India is appointed by the President, but the recommendation comes from the incumbent Chief Justice (not the outgoing one specifically), and the process involves consultation with the government. While the senior-most judge typically becomes Chief Justice, this is not a formal recommendation requirement in all cases.

**Statement 4:

Test

Q.32 Hard

Which of the following powers can be exercised by the President of India independently without the aid and advice of the Council of Ministers?

A Appointment of Prime Minister

B Granting pardons and reprieves

C Appointment of judges of Supreme Court

D discretionary powers

Correct Answer: D. discretionary powers

EXPLANATION

# Presidential Powers Under the Indian Constitution

The President of India has certain powers that can be exercised independently, while most executive powers require the aid and advice of the Council of Ministers as per Article 74.

Step 1: Understanding Constitutional Framework

Article 74 of the Indian Constitution mandates that the President shall exercise executive functions on the aid and advice of the Council of Ministers headed by the Prime Minister. However, Article 143 and other provisions recognize certain discretionary powers vested solely with the President.

\text{Presidential Powers} = \text{Cabinet-advised Powers} + \text{Discretionary Powers}

Step 2: Analyzing Each Option

- (A) Appointment of PM: Must follow the principle that the PM commands majority in Lok Sabha—requires constitutional convention guidance.

- (B) Granting pardons/reprieves: Exercised on advice of the Union Cabinet (Article 72).

- (C) Appointment of judges: Made on advice of the Union Cabinet and Chief Justice of India (Article 124).

- (D) Discretionary powers: These include matters like dissolution of Parliament (in certain situations), sending reference to Supreme Court (Article 143), and acting in situations where no clear constitutional guidance exists.

The correct answer is (D) discretionary powers, as these are the only powers the President can exercise independently without mandatory Council of Ministers' advice.

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