Govt. Exams
Entrance Exams
Linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid are essential fatty acids that cannot be synthesized by humans and must be obtained from dietary sources.
HDL mediates reverse cholesterol transport, removing excess cholesterol from peripheral tissues and transporting it to the liver for excretion. High HDL levels are protective against cardiovascular disease.
Most fatty acids undergo beta-oxidation in the mitochondrial matrix. However, very long chain fatty acids (>20 carbons) are initially oxidized in peroxisomes.
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase catalyzes the formation of malonyl-CoA from acetyl-CoA, which is the first committed and rate-limiting step in fatty acid synthesis.
Triacylglycerols are storage lipids found primarily in adipose tissue. Phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol, and sphingomyelin are major components of cell membranes.
Saturated fatty acids have all single bonds between carbon atoms (straight chain), while unsaturated fatty acids have one or more C=C double bonds (kinked structure).
Cell membranes are composed of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded cholesterol molecules that regulate membrane fluidity and maintain structural integrity.
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (found in fish, flaxseed) have anti-inflammatory properties and support heart health by reducing triglycerides and blood pressure.
HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein) is known as 'good cholesterol' because it transports cholesterol from peripheral tissues back to the liver for degradation and excretion.
Triglycerides consist of glycerol and three fatty acids connected by ester bonds. Phosphate groups are found in phospholipids, not triglycerides.
