The transition from root to shoot anatomy occurs at the hypocotyl. Which vascular pattern change is observed?

The correct answer is B: Xylem changes from endarch to exarch arrangement. At the hypocotyl, the root's endarch xylem (with protoxylem toward center) transitions to the shoot's exarch xylem (protoxylem toward periphery).

In a transverse section of a typical monocot stem, the vascular bundles are arranged in a scattered pattern throughout the ground tissue. Which of the following anatomical features best explains why monocots can tolerate continuous growth and damage

The correct answer is A: The presence of multiple scattered vascular bundles provides redundancy in nutrient and water transport pathways. The scattered distribution of vascular bundles in monocots (polystelic arrangement) means that damage to one bundle doesn't severely compromise the entire plant's transport system, unlike the concentric arrangement in dicots where the vascular cylinder is a continuous ring. This provides functional

The vascular tissue in ferns differs from that in gymnosperms primarily in which aspect?

The correct answer is B: Absence of vessels and presence of sieve tubes in ferns. Both ferns and gymnosperms lack vessels in xylem and have sieve cells instead of sieve tubes in phloem, but ferns typically have scattered vascular bundles.

The endosperm in angiosperms is triploid because:

The correct answer is B: One sperm nucleus fuses with two polar nuclei. The central cell of the female gametophyte contains two polar nuclei (2n total). When one sperm nucleus (n) fuses with this central cell, the resulting endosperm is triploid (3n).

Companion cells in angiosperms are specifically associated with:

The correct answer is A: Sieve tube elements for loading and unloading of sucrose. Companion cells are living cells derived from the same mother cell as sieve tubes; they provide metabolic support and regulate loading/unloading of photosynthates.

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NEET Botany
Plant Anatomy

Botany questions for NEET UG — Plant Anatomy, Physiology, Reproduction, Ecology.

27 Q 3 Topics Take Mock Test

Difficulty: All Easy Medium Hard 21–27 of 27

Topics in NEET Botany

All Plant Kingdom 100 Plant Anatomy 100 Plant Physiology 76

Q.21 Easy Plant Anatomy

In monocot stems, the vascular bundles are arranged in a pattern that is

A Scattered throughout the ground tissue

B Arranged in a ring at the periphery

C Present only in the cortex

D Confined to the pith region

Correct Answer: A. Scattered throughout the ground tissue

EXPLANATION

Monocot stems have scattered vascular bundles distributed throughout the ground tissue, whereas dicot stems have bundles arranged in a ring.

Test

Q.22 Easy Plant Anatomy

Which of the following cells in the phloem tissue is enucleate (lacks a nucleus)?

A Sieve tube elements

B Companion cells

C Phloem parenchyma

D Phloem fibers

Correct Answer: A. Sieve tube elements

EXPLANATION

Sieve tube elements are enucleate at maturity, losing their nucleus to facilitate the flow of photosynthates. Companion cells remain nucleate and control sieve tube metabolism.

Test

Q.23 Easy Plant Anatomy

Which cells regulate the opening and closing of stomata?

A Subsidiary cells

B Guard cells

C Bulliform cells

D Trichomes

Correct Answer: B. Guard cells

EXPLANATION

Guard cells are specialized epidermal cells that change shape to open or close the stomatal pore.

Test

Q.24 Easy Plant Anatomy

The primary function of stomata is:

A Absorption of water

B Gas exchange and transpiration

C Photosynthesis

D Storage of nutrients

Correct Answer: B. Gas exchange and transpiration

EXPLANATION

Stomata are pores in the leaf epidermis that regulate gas exchange (CO2 intake, O2 release) and transpiration.

Test

Q.25 Easy Plant Anatomy

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of monocot stems?

A Scattered vascular bundles

B Ring arrangement of vascular bundles

C Presence of cork cambium

D Distinct heartwood and sapwood

Correct Answer: A. Scattered vascular bundles

EXPLANATION

Monocot stems have scattered vascular bundles throughout the ground tissue, unlike dicots which have ring-arranged bundles.

Test

Q.26 Easy Plant Anatomy

The cork tissue in plants is derived from which meristematic tissue?

A Apical meristem

B Lateral meristem

C Cork cambium (Phellogen)

D Ground meristem

Correct Answer: C. Cork cambium (Phellogen)

EXPLANATION

Cork tissue (phellem) is produced outward by the cork cambium (phellogen), which is a lateral meristem.

Test

Q.27 Easy Plant Anatomy

Which tissue in plants is responsible for the transport of water and minerals from roots to leaves?

A Xylem

B Phloem

C Cambium

D Epidermis

Correct Answer: A. Xylem

EXPLANATION

Xylem is a vascular tissue that transports water and mineral nutrients from roots to aerial parts of the plant.

Test

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NEET Botany Plant Anatomy

NEET Botany
Plant Anatomy