Govt. Exams
Entrance Exams
Bt Cotton is the only GM crop commercially cultivated and approved in India since 2002, with extensive adoption across states.
Selectable markers (like antibiotic resistance genes) help identify and select successfully transformed plant cells from non-transformed ones.
Restriction endonucleases (restriction enzymes) recognize and cut DNA at specific palindromic sequences, essential for cloning.
Bt cotton produces Cry1Ac protein from Bacillus thuringiensis that provides resistance against the cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera).
ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) is a technique used to detect pathogens and transgenes in plants.
Agrobacterium tumefaciens is the natural genetic engineer of plants. Its Ti plasmid is widely used for transferring foreign DNA into plant cells.
Predation is an ecological interaction where one organism (predator) hunts and consumes another (prey) for energy and nutrients.
Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is the primary greenhouse gas responsible for global warming, accounting for about 75% of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions.
Solar energy is a renewable resource that can be naturally replenished. Coal, petroleum, and natural gas are non-renewable fossil fuels.
Deserts receive less than 25 cm (10 inches) of rainfall annually, making them the driest biomes on Earth.
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