Govt. Exams
Entrance Exams
The funiculus (also called funicle) is the stalk that attaches the ovule to the placenta. The raphe is a ridge formed by the fusion of funiculus with the integument in some ovules.
Integuments are the outer layers of the ovule that develop into the seed coat (testa) after fertilization, providing protection to the seed.
In most angiosperms, pollen is released at the two-celled stage (bicellular pollen) consisting of a large vegetative cell and smaller generative cell. Second mitosis occurs after pollination.
Double fertilization involves one sperm nucleus fusing with the egg cell to form a diploid zygote, while the second sperm nucleus fuses with the two polar nuclei to form a triploid primary endosperm nucleus.
The micropylar end of the typical embryo sac contains the egg apparatus consisting of one egg cell flanked by two synergids that help guide pollen tube growth.
Microsporogenesis is the meiotic division of the microspore mother cell (diploid) in the anther, producing four haploid microspores.
In angiosperms, the sporophytic phase (diploid multicellular plant body) is dominant, while the gametophytic phase is reduced and represented by pollen and embryo sac.
Strawberry reproduces vegetatively through runners (stolons) that produce new plants at nodes, enabling rapid vegetative propagation.
Most dicotyledonous plants have bitegmic ovules (two integuments), which develop into the seed coat layers.
When a haploid sperm (n) fuses with a haploid egg cell (n), the resulting zygote is diploid (2n), which develops into the embryo.
