Govt. Exams
Entrance Exams
ADH (vasopressin) is released in response to increased blood osmolarity, increases aquaporin-2 channels in collecting ducts, and promotes water reabsorption.
Central and peripheral chemoreceptors detect increased CO2 (and decreased pH), sending signals to respiratory centers to increase ventilation rate.
Stapes vibrations move perilymph in the cochlea, causing basilar membrane displacement and stereocilia bending on hair cells, generating action potentials.
MAO degrades monoamines (dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine) in mitochondria of presynaptic terminals, regulating neurotransmitter levels.
Glycogen depletion in muscles and liver reduces glucose availability for ATP production, causing sudden fatigue despite continued oxygen availability.
During isovolumetric contraction, ventricular volume stays constant while pressure rapidly increases as both AV and semilunar valves are closed.
The cerebellum compares intended movements with actual movements, providing real-time corrections for coordination, balance, and fine motor control.
Type 2 diabetes involves insulin resistance where cells don't respond properly to insulin, maintaining elevated blood glucose despite insulin presence.
Thrombin is a serine protease that cleaves fibrinogen into fibrin monomers, which polymerize to form the structural basis of blood clots.
The parasympathetic nervous system (via vagus nerve) releases acetylcholine, which decreases heart rate and force of contraction through M2 receptors.
