Govt. Exams
Entrance Exams
Article 363 of the Indian Constitution provides for the establishment and appointment of the Lokpal. The Lokpal and Lokayukta Act, 2013 provides the statutory framework for this constitutional institution.
The principle of Proportionality in administrative law ensures that restrictive measures adopted by an administration are not more than necessary to achieve legitimate aims, balancing individual rights with public interest.
Established in Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala, the doctrine prevents constitutional amendments from destroying the Constitution's basic structure, including democracy, federalism, and judicial review.
Colourable legislation refers to laws that disguise their true purpose to evade constitutional limitations. Such laws can be struck down as they violate the spirit of the Constitution.
In Epuru Sudhakar's case, the Supreme Court held that while the President's clemency power is discretionary, it can be reviewed on grounds of mala fides or gross abuse of power.
Ultra vires means 'beyond the powers.' It refers to administrative actions that exceed the scope of authority granted by law or constitution and can be challenged in courts.
The doctrine of promissory estoppel, established through judicial precedent, prevents the government from reneging on its promises when citizens have acted in reliance upon them.
Minerva Mills established that fundamental rights and Article 32 are part of the basic structure and cannot be suspended.
Amartya Sen has theoretically engaged with concepts of universal basic income and negative income tax.
The Venkatachaliah Commission (1999) reviewed the working of the Constitution and suggested reforms.
