Pataliputra is the ancient Sanskrit name for modern Patna, the capital city of Bihar. It served as the capital of the Mauryan, Shunga, and Gupta empires and was one of the largest cities of the ancient world.

Nalanda University was established during the Gupta period in the 5th century CE. It was one of the world's earliest residential universities and became a major center of Buddhist learning.

Emperor Ashoka embraced Buddhism and left several edicts and monuments in Bihar, including the famous Ashoka Stupa at Vaishali. He played a crucial role in spreading Buddhism throughout Asia.

Bodh Gaya is where Gautama Buddha attained enlightenment under the Bodhi tree. The Mahabodhi Temple at Bodh Gaya is one of the oldest brick temples in India and a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Calculation: Literate population = Total population × Literacy rate = 100 million × 63% = 100 million × 0.63 = 63 million. This represents the estimated literate population in Bihar.

Lok Sabha constituencies in Bihar elect representatives to the National Parliament (House of the People). Bihar has 40 Lok Sabha constituencies and plays a significant role in national politics.

Nalanda University, located in Bihar, was one of the most prestigious universities of ancient India, attracting scholars from across Asia during the 5th-12th centuries.

Chandragupta Maurya founded the Mauryan Empire around 322 BCE. Ashoka was his grandson who later became one of the greatest emperors.

Pataliputra was the ancient name of Patna, which served as the capital of the Mauryan Empire and was a major center of power and learning.

The Bodhi Tree is located in Bodh Gaya, one of the most sacred pilgrimage sites for Buddhists, where Siddhartha Gautama achieved enlightenment.