Pataliputra served as the capital for multiple powerful dynasties including the Nanda, Maurya, and Gupta empires, making it a major center of power in ancient India.

According to the 2021 Census, Bihar's sex ratio is approximately 900 females per 1000 males, which is below the national average and indicates gender imbalance.

Bihar amended its Gram Panchayat Act to provide 50% reservation for women in local governance bodies, making it more progressive than the national 33.33% norm.

Despite fiscal constraints, Bihar allocates significant budget funds to education and health sectors to address the state's development indicators, though actual implementation varies.

The 73rd Amendment (1992) strengthened rural local government (Panchayati Raj), while the 74th Amendment strengthened urban local government (Municipal corporations). Both were implemented in Bihar.

Nalanda district was created in 1972 by bifurcating the then-existing Sharif district. It is named after the famous ancient Nalanda University site.

Bihar has East Champaran and West Champaran districts, but there is no district called Central Champaran. The state does not use the 'North Champaran' nomenclature for administrative division.

Bihar has implemented multiple schemes to improve gender ratio, including the national Beti Bachao Beti Padhao scheme and state-specific initiatives like the Mukhyamantri Kanya Utthan Yojana and others.

Nalanda University was founded by Kumaragupta I of the Gupta dynasty. It became the most renowned center of Buddhist learning in ancient Asia.

The Ghaghra (also spelled Gogra) River forms a significant portion of the boundary between Bihar and Uttar Pradesh.