The doubling time of mammalian cells cultured in vitro typically ranges between:

The correct answer is B: 12-24 hours. Most mammalian cell lines have doubling times of 12-24 hours under optimal culture conditions. Bacterial doubling times are much shorter (2-4 hours).

In a perfusion bioreactor system used for continuous cell culture, what is the primary advantage over batch culture?

The correct answer is B: It removes waste products and replenishes nutrients continuously, allowing prolonged culture and higher cell densities. Perfusion systems continuously exchange medium, removing metabolic wastes and supplying nutrients, enabling higher cell densities and prolonged culture periods compared to batch systems.

What is the primary challenge in developing universal primers for metagenomic studies of microbial communities?

The correct answer is B: Sequence heterogeneity among different microbial species requires balancing sensitivity and specificity. Universal primers (e.g., 16S rRNA) must accommodate sequence variations across taxa while maintaining specificity, creating a design dilemma.

According to India's DBT 2024 guidelines, what is the mandatory holding period for biosafety assessment of genetically modified crops before large-scale field trials?

The correct answer is C: 2-3 years with phased evaluation. India's current biosafety framework mandates 2-3 years of phased trials (contained use, limited field trials, then large-scale) before product approval, ensuring thorough risk assessment.

Which enzyme is commonly used to cut DNA at specific recognition sequences during genetic engineering?

The correct answer is A: Restriction endonuclease. Restriction endonucleases (restriction enzymes) recognize and cut DNA at specific palindromic sequences, making them essential tools in genetic engineering for creating recombinant DNA.

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Biotechnology
Genetic Engineering

Genetic engineering, fermentation, cell biology

24 Q 3 Topics Take Mock Test

Difficulty: All Easy Medium Hard 21–24 of 24

Topics in Biotechnology

All Genetic Engineering 100 PCR & DNA Technology 100 Cell Culture 60

Q.21 Hard Genetic Engineering

What is the primary limitation of using bacterial plasmids as vectors for introducing large genes (>50 kb) into eukaryotic cells?

A Plasmids are too expensive

B Limited cloning capacity of plasmids due to size constraints

C Plasmids are not stable in eukaryotic cells

D Bacterial genes cannot function in eukaryotes

Correct Answer: B. Limited cloning capacity of plasmids due to size constraints

EXPLANATION

Plasmids typically have limited cloning capacity (usually 5-15 kb), making them unsuitable for large genes. BACs (Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes) or YACs (Yeast Artificial Chromosomes) are preferred for large inserts.

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Q.22 Hard Genetic Engineering

In the development of Bt Brinjal in India, which Bacillus thuringiensis gene was primarily used and for which pest resistance?

A Cry1Ab for fruit borer resistance

B Cry2A for leaf folder resistance

C Cry1Ac for fruit and shoot borer resistance

D Cry1F for spider mite resistance

Correct Answer: C. Cry1Ac for fruit and shoot borer resistance

EXPLANATION

Bt Brinjal (approved for cultivation in 2023 in India) contains the Cry1Ac gene from Bacillus thuringiensis, providing resistance to the eggplant fruit and shoot borer (Leucinodes orbonalis).

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Q.23 Hard Genetic Engineering

A biotechnology company wants to develop a drought-resistant wheat variety using genetic engineering. Which genes would be most suitable to introduce?

A Genes for increased height

B Genes encoding aquaporins and osmolyte biosynthetic enzymes

C Genes for flower color

D Genes for rapid seed germination

Correct Answer: B. Genes encoding aquaporins and osmolyte biosynthetic enzymes

EXPLANATION

Aquaporins regulate water transport while osmolyte biosynthetic genes help cells maintain turgor under water stress, both crucial for drought resistance in plants.

Test

Q.24 Hard Genetic Engineering

A researcher used CRISPR-Cas9 to edit a disease-causing mutation in human embryo cells. What ethical concern is most relevant?

A High cost of the procedure

B Off-target effects causing unintended mutations

C Heritable changes affecting future generations (germline modification)

D Difficulty in obtaining informed consent

Correct Answer: C. Heritable changes affecting future generations (germline modification)

EXPLANATION

Germline (heritable) genetic modifications in humans raise significant ethical concerns about consent, unknown long-term effects, and societal implications, which is why many countries restrict human embryo editing.

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