Govt. Exams
In Erikson's theory, successfully resolving the industry vs. inferiority stage (middle childhood) leads to the virtue of competence, where children develop confidence in their abilities.
Centration is the tendency of preoperational children to focus on one prominent feature of an object while ignoring other relevant features, such as focusing on height while ignoring width in conservation tasks.
Scaffolding refers to the temporary support or guidance provided by a teacher or more knowledgeable peer to help a child accomplish a task they cannot yet do independently, gradually removing support as competence increases.
Abstract thinking is not a characteristic of the concrete operational stage. Abstract reasoning develops in the formal operational stage (12 years onwards).