Govt. Exams
Mainstreaming involves placing children with special needs in regular classroom settings with appropriate support services. It differs from full inclusion but aims to reduce segregation.
Dyscalculia is a specific learning disability affecting numerical cognition and mathematical abilities. Children with dyscalculia struggle with number concepts, arithmetic, and mathematical reasoning.
The RTE Act 2009 prescribes a teacher-student ratio of 1:40 for primary classes to ensure quality education and better teacher-student interaction.
In Erikson's theory, 'crisis' refers to a critical period of decision and vulnerability where an individual confronts a psychosocial conflict. Successfully navigating this conflict leads to healthy development and the acquisition of virtues.
Ego Integrity vs. Despair is the final stage (65+ years) involving reflection on one's life. Successfully resolving this stage results in wisdom, acceptance, and a sense of meaning about one's life journey.
Care is the virtue associated with successful resolution of the Generativity vs. Stagnation stage. It represents a commitment to helping others and contributing to the welfare of future generations.
The Generativity vs. Stagnation stage (middle adulthood, 25-65 years) involves concern for establishing and guiding the next generation. Mentoring, community service, and child-rearing are key expressions of generativity.
The Intimacy vs. Isolation stage (18-25 years or early adulthood) focuses on forming intimate relationships and connections. Success leads to love and commitment; failure results in isolation and loneliness.
Self-actualization is a concept from Maslow's theory, not Erikson's. Erikson's eight stages are: Trust, Autonomy, Initiative, Industry, Identity, Intimacy, Generativity, and Ego Integrity.
Identity exploration through experimentation with different roles, values, and peer groups is a normal and healthy part of resolving the Identity vs. Role Confusion crisis during adolescence.
