Govt. Exams
Entrance Exams
At balance: R₁/R₂ = R₃/R₄; R₄ = (R₂ × R₃)/R₁ = (50 × 200)/100 = 100 Ω.
Output voltage = Sensitivity × Pressure = 0.5 × 10 = 5 V for maximum pressure of 10 bar.
Maxwell bridge is used for measuring inductance (especially with small resistance) in industrial and laboratory applications.
Digital multimeters eliminate parallax error, provide direct digital readings, and are more user-friendly for industrial applications.
With 10:1 attenuation, the voltage at CRO terminals = Actual voltage/10 = 100/10 = 10 V.
Sensitivity is the ratio of output to input. Here, sensitivity = 50 μV/1°C = 50 μV/°C.
Analog voltmeters are primarily DC devices. Frequency changes affect AC measurements but not the instrument's basic construction errors.
Sensitivity of a galvanometer is the deflection (in mm or degrees) produced per unit current (usually per microampere or milliampere).
Y-deflection sensitivity (or gain) in CRO is expressed in volts per division, indicating how many volts are represented by each vertical division.
Modern digital multimeters have very high input impedance (typically 10 MΩ for voltage measurement) to minimize loading effects on the circuit.
