In the nitrogen cycle, the conversion of atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia by bacteria is called:

The correct answer is B: Nitrogen fixation. Nitrogen fixation is the process where atmospheric N₂ is converted to ammonia by nitrogen-fixing bacteria, making it available to organisms.

A tall plant (genotype unknown) is crossed with a dwarf plant. All offspring are tall. What is the most likely genotype of the tall parent?

The correct answer is A: Homozygous dominant (TT). All offspring being tall when crossed with dwarf (tt) indicates the tall parent is TT. If it were Tt, approximately half offspring would be dwarf.

Which of the following hormonal changes is MOST characteristic of the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle?

The correct answer is B: Rising progesterone and falling estrogen. The luteal phase is characterized by high progesterone levels secreted by the corpus luteum. Estrogen levels are moderate but lower than follicular phase peak.

During muscle contraction, which protein binds to myosin heads to allow cross-bridge cycling?

The correct answer is B: Actin. Myosin heads bind to specific sites on actin filaments, forming cross-bridges that enable muscle contraction through the sliding filament mechanism.

Which of the following is a transgenic organism?

The correct answer is A: Bt cotton. Bt cotton contains foreign genes from Bacillus thuringiensis, making it a true transgenic organism. Others are produced by conventional breeding or mutation.

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NEET Zoology

Zoology questions for NEET UG — Animal Kingdom, Human Physiology, Genetics, Evolution.

114 Q 6 Topics Take Mock Test

Difficulty: All Easy Medium Hard 1–10 of 114

Topics in NEET Zoology

All Animal Kingdom 100 Human Physiology 100 Genetics & Evolution 100 Reproductive Health 100 Ecology & Environment 100 Biotechnology & Applications 40

Q.1 Hard Biotechnology & Applications

What is the mechanism by which TALEN (Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nuclease) technology achieves site-specific gene editing?

A Using zinc fingers to recognize DNA sequences directly

B Proteins derived from plant pathogens that recognize specific DNA sequences and direct FokI nuclease to cut

C Using guide RNA complementarity only

D Random cutting followed by selection

Correct Answer: B. Proteins derived from plant pathogens that recognize specific DNA sequences and direct FokI nuclease to cut

EXPLANATION

TALENs are proteins from Xanthomonas bacteria that recognize specific DNA sequences with modular repeat domains and direct FokI endonuclease for precise DNA cleavage.

Test

Q.2 Hard Biotechnology & Applications

In the context of organ transplantation, what is the potential application of xenotransplantation biotechnology?

A To reduce the need for immunosuppressive drugs by genetically modifying animal organs

B To eliminate the need for organ donation entirely

C To replace only viral infections

D To cure all genetic disorders

Correct Answer: A. To reduce the need for immunosuppressive drugs by genetically modifying animal organs

EXPLANATION

Xenotransplantation involves genetically modifying animal organs (usually pig organs) to reduce immune rejection, potentially addressing the chronic shortage of human donor organs.

Test

Q.3 Hard Biotechnology & Applications

In gene editing using base editors, what advantage do they offer over traditional CRISPR-Cas9?

A They can edit genes without creating double-strand breaks

B They only work in prokaryotes

C They require less complex equipment

D They are less specific than Cas9

Correct Answer: A. They can edit genes without creating double-strand breaks

EXPLANATION

Base editors (BEs) convert one DNA base to another without creating double-strand breaks, reducing off-target effects and cellular damage compared to standard CRISPR-Cas9.

Test

Q.4 Hard Biotechnology & Applications

What is the primary concern regarding the large-scale cultivation of Bt crops in India?

A Increased soil fertility

B Development of insect resistance and impact on non-target organisms

C Improved nutritional content

D Reduced water requirements

Correct Answer: B. Development of insect resistance and impact on non-target organisms

EXPLANATION

Major concerns include the development of resistance in target insects, impacts on non-target beneficial organisms, and long-term ecological effects of Bt crop cultivation.

Test

Q.5 Hard Biotechnology & Applications

In the year 2023-24, which Indian institute developed the CRISPR-based diagnostic kit for disease detection?

A IIT Delhi

B CSIR-IGIB

C IIT Bombay

D All of the above

Correct Answer: B. CSIR-IGIB

EXPLANATION

CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB) has been at the forefront of developing CRISPR-based diagnostic tools for various diseases in India.

Test

Q.6 Hard Biotechnology & Applications

What is a chimeric gene in the context of genetic engineering?

A A gene that codes for a hybrid protein

B A gene composed of DNA sequences from different sources combined to create a new functional unit

C A gene that only exists in chimeric animals

D A mutated gene with no function

Correct Answer: B. A gene composed of DNA sequences from different sources combined to create a new functional unit

EXPLANATION

Chimeric genes combine regulatory sequences from one organism with coding sequences from another, creating novel genetic constructs for transgenic organism development.

Test

Q.7 Hard Biotechnology & Applications

Which of the following statements about RNAi (RNA interference) is correct?

A It increases protein synthesis from target mRNA

B It silences gene expression by degrading specific mRNA molecules

C It is only applicable in prokaryotes

D It requires DNA ligase for function

Correct Answer: B. It silences gene expression by degrading specific mRNA molecules

EXPLANATION

RNAi uses small interfering RNAs (siRNA) or short hairpin RNA (shRNA) to target and degrade specific mRNA molecules, leading to gene silencing.

Test

Q.8 Hard Biotechnology & Applications

In the context of gene therapy, what does 'ex vivo' gene therapy mean?

A Gene therapy administered outside the body to isolated cells

B Gene therapy administered directly into the patient's body

C Gene therapy using viral vectors only

D Gene therapy that affects only the lungs

Correct Answer: A. Gene therapy administered outside the body to isolated cells

EXPLANATION

Ex vivo gene therapy involves isolating cells from the patient, modifying them genetically outside the body, and then reintroducing them, reducing immune reactions.

Test

Q.9 Hard Ecology & Environment

In India's Western Ghats, the introduction of invasive species like Lantana camara has led to reduced native plant diversity and altered nutrient cycling. This phenomenon best demonstrates which ecological principle?

A Resource partitioning among competing species

B Competitive exclusion and niche displacement of native species

C Facilitation model of ecological succession

D Mutualistic relationships in plant-herbivore interactions

Correct Answer: B. Competitive exclusion and niche displacement of native species

EXPLANATION

Lantana camara outcompetes native vegetation through superior resource acquisition and allelopathy, leading to competitive exclusion. This reduces niche availability for native species, fundamentally altering community structure and ecosystem functions like nutrient cycling.

Test

Q.10 Hard Ecology & Environment

In the context of India's monsoon-dependent ecosystems, which adaptive strategy is most evident in deciduous forest species?

A Increased leaf surface area for water absorption

B Leaf fall during dry season to conserve water

C Deep root systems throughout the year

D Reduced photosynthetic capacity

Correct Answer: B. Leaf fall during dry season to conserve water

EXPLANATION

Deciduous trees in Indian dry and moist deciduous forests shed leaves during the dry season (March-May) as an adaptation to seasonal water scarcity, reducing transpirational water loss while maintaining survival.

Test

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