Govt. Exams
Entrance Exams
Homologous recombination enables precise insertion of genes at specific genomic locations with high accuracy, reducing off-target effects. This is more predictable than random integration.
The GEAC (Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee) is the apex body in India that approves the environmental release and commercialization of GM crops after rigorous evaluation.
The correct sequence is: (1) Insert the insulin gene into a vector, (2) Introduce the vector into bacteria (transformation), (3) Grow the bacteria in culture, (4) Extract and purify the expressed insulin protein.
Continuous exposure to Bt toxin has led to the development of resistance in target insect populations in some regions, necessitating resistance management strategies and refugium planting.
Gene stacking or pyramiding involves incorporating multiple transgenes into a single organism, useful for combining multiple desired traits like herbicide resistance and pest resistance.
Homologous recombination involves the exchange of DNA segments between regions with similar sequences, allowing precise insertion of genes at specific locations.
Selectable marker genes (like antibiotic resistance genes) allow researchers to identify and select cells that have successfully taken up the foreign DNA.
Golden Rice is engineered to produce beta-carotene (pro-vitamin A), though its approval for cultivation in India was granted only in 2021. It aims to address Vitamin A deficiency.
The guide RNA is a synthetic RNA molecule that binds to the target DNA sequence and directs the Cas9 nuclease to cut at the correct location.
Agrobacterium tumefaciens naturally transfers T-DNA into plant cells, making it an efficient vector for plant genetic engineering. This process is called agro-transformation.
