What is the primary limitation of using bacterial plasmids as vectors for introducing large genes (>50 kb) into eukaryotic cells?

The correct answer is B: Limited cloning capacity of plasmids due to size constraints. Plasmids typically have limited cloning capacity (usually 5-15 kb), making them unsuitable for large genes. BACs (Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes) or YACs (Yeast Artificial Chromosomes) are preferred for large inserts.

In a perfusion bioreactor system used for continuous cell culture, what is the primary advantage over batch culture?

The correct answer is B: It removes waste products and replenishes nutrients continuously, allowing prolonged culture and higher cell densities. Perfusion systems continuously exchange medium, removing metabolic wastes and supplying nutrients, enabling higher cell densities and prolonged culture periods compared to batch systems.

The principle of AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism) combines:

The correct answer is A: Restriction digestion and PCR amplification. AFLP integrates restriction enzyme digestion with selective PCR amplification of restriction fragments for genetic diversity analysis.

Which of the following enzymes is primarily used to cut DNA at specific recognition sequences during genetic engineering?

The correct answer is A: Restriction endonuclease. Restriction endonucleases (restriction enzymes) recognize and cut DNA at specific palindromic sequences, forming sticky or blunt ends. DNA polymerase synthesizes DNA, helicase unwinds DNA, and ligase joins DNA strands.

In SNP genotyping using TaqMan chemistry, what is the function of MGB (Minor Groove Binder)?

The correct answer is B: To enhance probe specificity and increase Tm without lengthening the probe. MGB sequences bind in the minor groove of DNA, stabilizing the probe-DNA duplex and increasing its melting temperature, allowing for shorter, more specific probes.

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Biotechnology

Genetic engineering, fermentation, cell biology

130 Q 3 Topics Take Mock Test

Difficulty: All Easy Medium Hard 71–80 of 130

Topics in Biotechnology

All Genetic Engineering 100 PCR & DNA Technology 100 Cell Culture 60

Q.71 Medium PCR & DNA Technology

Real-time PCR differs from conventional PCR in that it:

A Uses more cycles

B Monitors amplification in real-time using fluorescent reporters

C Requires higher temperatures

D Uses different polymerase enzymes

Correct Answer: B. Monitors amplification in real-time using fluorescent reporters

EXPLANATION

Real-time or qPCR (quantitative PCR) monitors DNA amplification in real-time using fluorescent dyes (SYBR Green or TaqMan probes) to detect product accumulation during each cycle.

Test

Q.72 Medium PCR & DNA Technology

What is the significance of dNTPs in PCR?

A They terminate DNA synthesis

B They are building blocks (deoxynucleotide triphosphates) for DNA synthesis

C They provide energy only

D They denature DNA

Correct Answer: B. They are building blocks (deoxynucleotide triphosphates) for DNA synthesis

EXPLANATION

dNTPs (dATP, dGTP, dCTP, dTTP) serve as substrates for DNA polymerase to synthesize new DNA strands.

Test

Q.73 Medium PCR & DNA Technology

Which of the following is a common application of PCR in diagnostic medicine?

A Detecting COVID-19 through RT-PCR

B Determining blood type

C Measuring hemoglobin levels

D Counting red blood cells

Correct Answer: A. Detecting COVID-19 through RT-PCR

EXPLANATION

RT-PCR (Reverse Transcription PCR) is widely used in India and globally for COVID-19 diagnosis by detecting viral RNA.

Test

Q.74 Medium PCR & DNA Technology

In DNA fingerprinting, which polymorphic markers are most commonly used in India?

A SNPs alone

B STRs (Short Tandem Repeats) and SNPs

C Mitochondrial DNA only

D RFLPs only

Correct Answer: B. STRs (Short Tandem Repeats) and SNPs

EXPLANATION

Modern DNA fingerprinting in India uses STRs and SNPs for high discrimination power in forensics and paternity testing.

Test

Q.75 Medium PCR & DNA Technology

Which technique is most suitable for detecting SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms)?

A Conventional PCR

B RFLP analysis

C Southern blotting

D Gel electrophoresis alone

Correct Answer: B. RFLP analysis

EXPLANATION

RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) can detect SNPs that create or eliminate restriction sites.

Test

Q.76 Medium PCR & DNA Technology

In RAPD-PCR, the primers are:

A Gene-specific and designed beforehand

B Short, arbitrary sequences of 10 base pairs

C Complementary to coding regions only

D Longer than 50 base pairs

Correct Answer: B. Short, arbitrary sequences of 10 base pairs

EXPLANATION

RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) uses short, arbitrary primers that amplify random DNA regions, useful for molecular markers.

Test

Q.77 Medium PCR & DNA Technology

Which type of restriction enzyme produces 'sticky ends'?

A BamHI

B PvuII

C AluI

D HaeIII

Correct Answer: A. BamHI

EXPLANATION

BamHI produces staggered cuts creating complementary single-stranded overhangs (sticky ends). Others like PvuII produce blunt ends.

Test

Q.78 Medium PCR & DNA Technology

What is the primary advantage of real-time PCR (qPCR) over conventional PCR?

A Lower cost

B Faster amplification

C Quantitative measurement of DNA during amplification

D Does not require thermocycler

Correct Answer: C. Quantitative measurement of DNA during amplification

EXPLANATION

qPCR uses fluorescent dyes to monitor product accumulation in real-time, providing quantitative data.

Test

Q.79 Medium PCR & DNA Technology

Which of the following is a limitation of conventional PCR?

A Cannot amplify large DNA fragments

B Requires labeled primers

C Cannot detect mutations in real-time

D Does not produce exponential amplification

Correct Answer: C. Cannot detect mutations in real-time

EXPLANATION

Conventional PCR detects products only at the end. Real-time PCR (qPCR) monitors amplification during each cycle.

Test

Q.80 Medium PCR & DNA Technology

The optimal annealing temperature in PCR is typically set based on:

A GC content of primers

B Length of target DNA

C Melting temperature (Tm) of primers

D Concentration of dNTPs

Correct Answer: C. Melting temperature (Tm) of primers

EXPLANATION

Annealing temperature is determined by the Tm of primers, calculated using GC content and primer length formulas.

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