Govt. Exams
Entrance Exams
LH acts on Leydig cells in the testes to stimulate testosterone synthesis and secretion. Low LH indicates secondary hypogonadism.
Spermatids undergo spermiogenesis (morphological changes) to transform into mature spermatozoa. This is the final stage of spermatogenesis.
CMV is the most common congenital infection, affecting 0.5-1% of live births and causing microcephaly, hearing loss, and developmental delays if acquired in utero.
Oxytocin triggers the milk ejection reflex (letdown reflex), while prolactin stimulates milk production. Both hormones are essential for successful lactation.
PCOS is characterized by elevated LH levels relative to FSH (typically LH:FSH ratio >3:1), along with hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance.
Levonorgestrel prevents or delays ovulation when given within 72 hours of unprotected intercourse and may also alter cervical mucus to impede sperm transport.
An empty uterus with positive hCG indicates an ectopic pregnancy (implantation outside the uterus), which may present with vaginal bleeding, abdominal pain, and hemodynamic instability.
Maternal obesity, advanced age (>35 years), family history of diabetes, and previous gestational diabetes are significant risk factors for GDM.
Endometriosis is characterized by ectopic endometrial tissue outside the uterus, causing dysmenorrhea, pelvic pain, and infertility due to inflammation and mechanical obstruction.
The notochord develops from cells of the primitive node (primitive pit) during gastrulation and serves as the primary organizer for embryonic development.
