Govt. Exams
Entrance Exams
Levonorgestrel primarily works by inhibiting or delaying ovulation, especially effective within 72 hours before ovulation. It does not act as an abortifacient.
Condoms have a Pearl Index of 12-15 in typical use, making them less reliable than IUDs (0.8), pills (9), or sterilization (0.1-0.15).
IVF success rates in women <35 years are approximately 25-35% per cycle in India, declining with maternal age. Success depends on ovarian reserve, sperm quality, and laboratory conditions.
hCG produced by trophoblastic tissue maintains the corpus luteum during early pregnancy (until ~10-12 weeks), preventing menstruation and ensuring progesterone production.
The rhythm method requires regular menstrual cycles to predict fertile days. It has a typical-use failure rate of 24% and is unreliable with irregular cycles.
Semen analysis is the first investigation as it's non-invasive, cost-effective, and male factor infertility accounts for ~40% of cases. It helps establish baseline fertility status.
Trichomonas vaginalis causes a distinctive 'strawberry cervix' appearance with petechial hemorrhages. It also causes frothy yellow-green vaginal discharge.
While gonorrhea can cause PID, tubal infertility, and Bartholin's abscess/cyst, meningitis is not a typical complication. Meningitis is more associated with meningococcal infection.
Levonorgestrel emergency contraception works primarily by inhibiting or delaying ovulation, especially when taken within 72 hours of unprotected intercourse.
Progestin-only pills (minipills) have minimal thromboembolic risk as they lack estrogen. Combined oral contraceptives carry increasing risk: second-generation < third-generation < drospirenone-containing pills.
