Govt. Exams
Entrance Exams
CMOS technology uses complementary pairs of transistors resulting in lower static power dissipation and better noise margins compared to NMOS.
A Priority Encoder produces a binary output representing the highest priority active input among multiple inputs.
Minimum flip-flops needed = ⌈log₂(number of states)⌉ = ⌈log₂(7)⌉ = 3.
XOR truth table: Y=1 when inputs differ. Both AB' + A'B and A'B + AB' are equivalent canonical forms.
Synchronous counters have all flip-flops clocked simultaneously, eliminating propagation delay issues and glitches present in asynchronous counters.
A 3:8 decoder has 8 output lines, and each requires one AND gate (with appropriate inversions of inputs).
Booth's algorithm examines consecutive bits to reduce the number of addition operations by detecting transitions from 0 to 1 and 1 to 0.
For a 4-bit DAC, MSB weight = 2^(4-1) = 8 times the LSB weight.
Mealy machines have outputs dependent on both current state and current input, unlike Moore machines which depend only on state.
Maximum frequency = 1/(setup time + propagation delay) = 1/(5+3)ns = 1/8ns = 125 MHz.
