Govt. Exams
Entrance Exams
NLDC coordinates scheduling and operation but does not directly maintain transmission lines. That responsibility lies with POWERGRID.
As per Indian Grid Code 2023, the normal frequency band is 49.7-50.3 Hz. Operation outside this range triggers corrective actions.
India's target to achieve 500 GW renewable energy capacity by 2030 is part of the Renewable Energy Capacity Addition Plan as per 2024-25 policy.
Circuit breakers handle fault interruption and normal switching, but voltage regulation is managed by transformers and SVCs, not circuit breakers.
Surge arrestors protect equipment by limiting transient overvoltages caused by lightning strikes and switching operations.
Indian power system uses 220 kV and 400 kV for long-distance inter-state power transmission as per POWERGRID standards.
Spinning reserve (typically 5-10% of peak load) ensures that the system can respond to sudden load increases or unexpected generator tripping without frequency deviation beyond limits.
In per-unit system, power is expressed as P(pu) = P(actual)/P_base = P(MW)/S_base(MVA), where S_base is typically the system base MVA.
Relay pickup percentage = (200 A / 2000 A) × 100 = 10% of CT primary rating.
As per Indian Grid Code 2024 and POSOCO standards, the nominal frequency is 50 Hz with a normal operating range of ±0.10 Hz (49.90-50.10 Hz).
