Govt. Exams
Entrance Exams
Taq polymerase (thermostable DNA polymerase from Thermus aquaticus) synthesizes new DNA strands at 72°C during the extension phase of PCR.
Extension/elongation happens at 72-75°C, the optimal temperature for Taq polymerase to synthesize DNA.
Kary Mullis invented PCR in 1983, a revolutionary technique that earned him the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1993.
DNA ligase catalyzes the formation of phosphodiester bonds between adjacent nucleotides, joining DNA fragments.
Restriction endonucleases recognize specific palindromic DNA sequences and cut predictably at these sites.
Denaturation separates double-stranded DNA into single strands, requiring high temperatures of 94-95°C.
Taq DNA polymerase from Thermus aquaticus is heat-stable and essential for DNA synthesis in PCR cycles.
Restriction endonucleases (restriction enzymes) recognize and cut DNA at specific palindromic sequences, forming sticky or blunt ends. DNA polymerase synthesizes DNA, helicase unwinds DNA, and ligase joins DNA strands.
E. coli is the primary organism used for recombinant insulin production due to its well-characterized genetics, rapid growth, and ability to produce high levels of recombinant proteins.
The GEAC, operating under the MoEFCC, is responsible for appraising large-scale field trials and commercial release of genetically modified organisms in India.
